- The endocrine gland commonly referred to as the "master gland" is the pituitary gland.
- This is because it plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of various other endocrine glands throughout the body.
- The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction by stimulating or inhibiting hormone production from glands like the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads.

- In contrast, the thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland is involved in stress response and electrolyte balance, and the pineal gland regulates circadian rhythms through melatonin secretion.
- The pituitary gland’s central role in orchestrating endocrine function justifies why it is often called the master gland.

Key points:
- Pituitary gland
- Secretes hormones influencing growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
- Controls hormonal balance by feedback mechanisms.
- Other glands have more specialized, less broad functions.

Reference: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 26th Edition, Chapter 58: Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism