The maxillary central incisors possess distinct anatomical features that aid in their identification and function. Two of the most characteristic landmarks are the cingulum and the mamelons.

- The cingulum is a prominent, rounded elevation found on the lingual surface of the crown, near the cervical third. It serves as an important reference point for both dental anatomy and restorative procedures.
- Mamelons are the three small protuberances or scalloped ridges located on the incisal edge of newly erupted maxillary central incisors. They usually wear down with function but are distinctive in the younger dentition and during eruption.

While other features like the lingual fossa and marginal ridges (Option 1) also exist on these teeth, the combination of the cingulum and mamelons (Option 3) distinctly characterizes maxillary central incisors compared to other teeth. Features such as cusp tip and developmental grooves (Option 2) are more typical of canines and molars, while a tubercle and pit (Option 4) may describe accessory anatomy but are not the primary landmarks for central incisors.

In summary:
- Cingulum: Bulge at the cervical third on the lingual surface.
- Mamelons: Three small bumps on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors.

These two features combined are definitive for identifying maxillary central incisors.

Reference: Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, 10th Edition, Chapter 5 - Anterior Teeth Anatomy