The correct answer is: Maxillary molars have 3 roots; mandibular molars have 2 roots.

- Typically, maxillary molars possess three roots: two buccal roots (mesiobuccal and distobuccal) and one palatal root.
- These roots are generally well-separated, providing strong anchorage in the maxilla. In contrast, mandibular molars commonly have two roots: one mesial root and one distal root.
- These roots tend to be broader and may have multiple canals but are fewer in number compared to maxillary molars.
- This anatomical difference is important in dental procedures such as root canal therapy, extractions, and prosthetic design.

In summary:
- Maxillary molars: Usually 3 roots (2 buccal, 1 palatal)
- Mandibular molars: Usually 2 roots (1 mesial, 1 distal)

Reference: Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, 10th Edition, Chapter 5: Tooth Morphology, Page 120