- The P wave on a standard ECG tracing represents atrial depolarization.
- This is the electrical activity associated with the contraction of the atria, which precedes the mechanical contraction and helps push blood into the ventricles.

- Specifically, the P wave reflects the spread of the electrical impulse from the sinoatrial (SA) node throughout the atrial myocardium.
- It is important to note that the P wave does not represent ventricular activity.

In contrast:
- Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS complex.
- Ventricular repolarization corresponds to the T wave.
- The AV node conduction delay is seen as the PR segment, the flat line between the end of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex.

Understanding the P wave is essential because abnormalities in its shape, size, or timing can indicate atrial enlargement or other atrial pathologies.

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th Edition, Chapter on Cardiovascular Pathology, Page 435