- The primary reason for the excellent biocompatibility of zirconia in dental implants is its chemically inert surface.
- This characteristic means that zirconia does not react adversely with the surrounding biological tissues, minimizing inflammatory responses and promoting favorable healing outcomes.
- Unlike metals that can release ions leading to potential hypersensitivity or allergic reactions, zirconia’s stable surface ensures minimal ion release, reducing the risk of cytotoxicity.

- While surface porosity can sometimes enhance tissue integration by providing a scaffold for bone ingrowth, zirconia implants typically rely on their smooth, inert surface to prevent bacterial colonization and maintain tissue health.
- Additionally, zirconia is an electrical insulator, so it does not facilitate cell signaling through electrical conductivity.
- Lastly, zirconia does not release antimicrobial ions; its infection resistance is primarily due to its surface properties and not active ion release.

In summary, the chemical inertness of zirconia is critical for its compatibility with human tissues, making it a preferred material for dental implants.

Reference: Contemporary Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition, Chapter 5: Biomaterials in Implant Dentistry, Page 123-125