- The primary role of eugenol in zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement is to act as a sedative agent to the dental pulp.
- Eugenol is a phenolic compound derived from clove oil and is known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- When incorporated into the cement, it helps in soothing the irritated or inflamed pulp tissue, making ZOE cement especially useful as a temporary restorative material or a base under permanent restorations.

- While zinc oxide provides the basic structure and mechanical properties, eugenol's function is mainly biological rather than mechanical.
- It does not primarily enhance the adhesive properties, mechanical strength, or act as a filler.
- Instead, its role is significant in reducing pulp sensitivity and providing a mild anesthetic effect, which improves patient comfort during and after dental procedures.

In summary:
- Eugenol’s main function in ZOE cement is as a pulp sedative agent.
- It possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Zinc oxide acts as the structural component, while eugenol contributes to the biological benefits of the cement.

Reference: Craig’s Restorative Dental Materials, 13th Edition, Chapter 8 / Page 154-156