- Tuberculosis is characterized by caseous necrosis, a distinctive form of tissue destruction where affected tissue appears soft, white, and cheese-like.
- This necrosis results from the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to granuloma formation with central necrosis.
- In contrast, Syphilis, Sarcoidosis, and Leprosy do not typically exhibit caseous necrosis; they form different types of granulomas without the characteristic cheesy necrosis.

Thus, the presence of caseous necrosis is a hallmark of tuberculosis pathology.

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th Edition, Chapter 7/pp. 258-260