Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes responsible for breaking down macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Their primary role is to digest material taken up by endocytosis or from damaged organelles, facilitating cellular recycling and waste removal. This intracellular digestion helps maintain cellular homeostasis and prevents accumulation of debris. Unlike the synthesis of proteins, energy production, or genetic material storage, lysosomes specialize in degradation and recycling processes.

Reference: *Molecular Biology of the Cell*, 6th Edition, Chapter 4, Section “Lysosomes and Endocytosis”