Effective irrigation during root canal therapy depends primarily on the adequate volume of irrigant used, as it enables thorough flushing out of debris, microbes, and dissolved tissue from the canal system. A greater volume ensures better contact with canal walls and can penetrate complex anatomy more effectively. This mechanical flushing action is crucial to disrupt biofilms and remove contaminants that chemical concentration or temperature alone cannot achieve. While concentration, temperature, and duration influence irrigant efficacy, maintaining a sufficient volume consistently throughout the procedure is the most critical factor for successful root canal disinfection.

Reference: Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, 12th Edition.