Antisepsis refers to the practice of applying chemical agents to living tissues to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. It is crucial in surgical settings to reduce the microbial load on skin and mucous membranes before incision, thereby minimizing the risk of postoperative infections. Unlike sterilization, which involves complete destruction of all microorganisms on inanimate objects, antisepsis targets living tissue without causing harm. Effective antisepsis helps maintain aseptic conditions essential for successful surgical outcomes.

Reference: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 21st Edition.