The main purpose of a surgical wound dressing is to promote healing by providing a clean, moist environment that supports tissue repair. Additionally, it acts as a barrier against pathogens, thereby preventing infection which can complicate recovery and delay wound closure. Proper dressing management also helps in controlling bleeding, absorbing exudate, and protecting the wound from external trauma. Ensuring an optimal environment reduces the risk of complications and facilitates faster, more effective healing.

Reference: Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 21st Edition.