An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the intracellular fluid, resulting in no net water movement across the cell membrane. This balance is crucial during surgical procedures and intravenous therapy to maintain cell volume and prevent cellular swelling or shrinkage. In contrast, hypertonic solutions cause cell shrinkage by pulling water out, and hypotonic solutions cause cell swelling by allowing water in. Therefore, isotonic fluids are preferred to maintain cellular homeostasis and prevent osmotic damage during clinical management. Supersaturated solutions are not relevant in this context.

Reference: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, John E. Hall, 14th Edition.