Insulin is the primary hormone that promotes glucose uptake into cells, especially muscle and adipose tissue, by stimulating the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane. This process lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular glucose entry for energy production or storage as glycogen. In contrast, glucagon, cortisol, and adrenaline increase blood glucose by promoting glucose production or release, not uptake. Proper insulin function is crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis and preventing hyperglycemia.

Reference: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton, 14th Edition.