The primary product of fatty acid beta-oxidation is Acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to generate ATP. During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria by sequential removal of two-carbon units in the form of Acetyl-CoA. This process is crucial for energy production, especially during fasting or increased energy demand. Pyruvate and lactate are products of carbohydrate metabolism, while glycerol originates from triglyceride breakdown but is not a direct product of beta-oxidation. Understanding this pathway is essential for managing metabolic and energy-related surgical conditions.

Reference: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, Murray et al., 31st Edition.