Atorvastatin is primarily indicated for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, specifically to lower elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). By inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, it reduces cholesterol synthesis in the liver, thereby decreasing LDL levels and lowering cardiovascular risk. It is not used as a first-line treatment for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or heart failure. The main clinical benefit of atorvastatin lies in its ability to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by improving lipid profiles.

Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Kasper et al., 20th Edition.