A major limitation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) was their limited focus on equity and sustainability. While the MDGs successfully targeted specific health outcomes like reducing child mortality and improving maternal health, they often overlooked the importance of addressing disparities among vulnerable populations and ensuring long-term environmental and social sustainability. This narrow focus led to progress that was unevenly distributed, with marginalized groups frequently left behind. By not sufficiently integrating equity and sustainability, the MDGs failed to create a holistic framework necessary for enduring health improvements worldwide.

Reference: Global Health 101, Richard Skolnik, 3rd Edition.