The minimum temperature required for effective autoclaving is 121°C because at this temperature, under saturated steam pressure (usually 15 psi), the autoclave can achieve reliable sterilization by destroying all forms of microbial life, including spores. Lower temperatures like 100°C are insufficient to kill resistant bacterial spores within a reasonable time frame. The standard cycle at 121°C for 15-20 minutes ensures complete sterilization of surgical instruments and materials, making it the gold standard in infection control protocols. This prevents postoperative infections and ensures patient safety in surgical settings.

Reference: Surgical Infection, Neil H. Woodward, 2nd Edition.