Hydrogen peroxide (6-7.5%) is effective against bacterial spores due to its strong oxidizing properties, which disrupt essential cellular components including DNA and enzymes. This leads to irreversible damage, making it sporicidal. In contrast, disinfectants like chlorhexidine and alcohol lack the ability to penetrate and destroy spores effectively. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is critical; at 6-7.5%, it ensures sufficient release of reactive oxygen species to kill resilient spores. This makes it particularly valuable for sterilizing surgical instruments and surfaces where spore-forming bacteria may be present.

Reference: Medical Microbiology, Murray et al., 8th Edition.