HIV screening in preconception counseling is crucial because early identification and treatment reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding. Initiating antiretroviral therapy before conception improves maternal health and significantly decreases perinatal HIV transmission. Universal HIV screening is recommended for all women planning pregnancy to ensure timely intervention and optimize outcomes. This proactive approach is part of standard prenatal care to protect both mother and child.

Reference: Williams Obstetrics, Cunningham, 25th Edition.