Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common complication in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia, which causes increased glucose uptake and storage in the fetus. After birth, the sudden removal of maternal glucose supply, combined with continued high insulin levels, results in marked hypoglycemia. This can lead to seizures, brain injury, and other severe outcomes if not promptly identified and treated.

Reference: Williams Obstetrics, Cunningham et al., 25th Edition.