Monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation in preterm newborns is critical because these infants are at high risk for respiratory distress, apnea, and cardiovascular instability. Continuous assessment allows early detection of hypoxia, bradycardia, and temperature instability, which are common complications in preterm infants. Maintaining adequate oxygenation and stable vital signs is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure alone is insufficient as many complications manifest through changes in heart rate and oxygen levels. Therefore, comprehensive monitoring ensures prompt intervention and supports optimal neonatal outcomes.

Reference: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Robert M. Kliegman, 21st Edition.