Turner syndrome is a common cause of primary amenorrhea due to gonadal dysgenesis, leading to streak ovaries that fail to produce estrogen. This results in lack of pubertal development and absence of menstruation. Patients typically present with short stature, webbed neck, and delayed secondary sexual characteristics. Unlike other causes, Turner syndrome directly affects ovarian function, causing failure of estrogen production, which is essential for the initiation of the menstrual cycle. Early diagnosis allows for hormone replacement therapy to induce secondary sexual characteristics and prevent complications.

Reference: Williams Gynecology, Hoffman et al., 3rd Edition.