Female sterilization is commonly known as tubal ligation, which involves surgically cutting, sealing, or blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent the egg from meeting sperm. This procedure provides a permanent method of contraception by interrupting the pathway for fertilization. Unlike other surgeries, tubal ligation specifically targets the fallopian tubes without removing the uterus or ovaries. It is typically performed through minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or minilaparotomy. The key surgical point is that it ensures irreversible sterilization while preserving hormonal function.

Reference: Williams Gynecology, Hoffman et al., 3rd Edition.