Oxygen is the gas used in neonatal resuscitation for asphyxia because it is essential to rapidly correct hypoxia and restore adequate tissue oxygenation. During asphyxia, insufficient oxygen supply leads to cellular damage, and administration of 100% oxygen helps reverse this deficit effectively. Unlike other gases, oxygen directly supports aerobic metabolism, preventing organ dysfunction and improving survival. Timely oxygen delivery is critical for stabilizing the newborn and preventing long-term neurological injury. Oxygen is the only gas that addresses the root cause of asphyxia, making it the standard of care in neonatal resuscitation.

Reference: Avery’s Diseases of the Newborn, Terry R. Lichtman, 10th Edition.