Obesity is a key risk factor for gestational diabetes because it leads to increased insulin resistance, which impairs glucose metabolism during pregnancy. Excess adipose tissue promotes a pro-inflammatory state and hormonal imbalances that challenge pancreatic β-cell function. This results in higher blood glucose levels and a greater likelihood of developing gestational diabetes. Monitoring and managing obesity before and during pregnancy is crucial to reduce this risk.

Reference: Williams Obstetrics, Cunningham et al., 26th Edition.