The main function of the loop of Henle in the nephron is to:
Solution
Correct Answer: Option B
The loop of Henle plays a critical role in the kidney's ability to concentrate urine by creating a countercurrent multiplier system. This mechanism establishes a hyperosmotic medullary interstitium through selective reabsorption of water and ions, primarily sodium and chloride. The descending limb is permeable to water but not solutes, allowing water to exit and concentrate the tubular fluid. The ascending limb is impermeable to water but actively transports ions out, diluting the tubular fluid and maintaining the osmotic gradient. This gradient enables the kidney to produce urine that is more concentrated than plasma, essential for water conservation in the body.
Reference: Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition.
Reference: Guyton and Hall, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition.
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