Gas gangrene is most commonly caused by Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium that produces potent exotoxins leading to rapid muscle tissue necrosis and gas production. The infection typically follows trauma or surgical wounds with deep tissue contamination. Prompt surgical debridement of necrotic tissue and administration of high-dose antibiotics are critical to control the spread. The characteristic presence of gas in tissue on imaging helps confirm diagnosis. Early recognition and aggressive fasciotomy or amputation may be life-saving to prevent systemic toxicity and mortality.

Reference: Robbins Basic Pathology, Kumar et al., 10th Edition.