A doctor may breach patient confidentiality only when required by law, such as in cases of mandatory reporting of infectious diseases, abuse, or court orders. This legal obligation overrides the duty of confidentiality to protect public health or safety. Breaching confidentiality for personal reasons, to inform family members, or to discuss with friends is unethical and violates patient trust. Maintaining confidentiality is fundamental, but legal requirements create justified exceptions to this rule.

Reference: Principles of Medical Ethics, Beauchamp & Childress, 8th Edition.