Smoking cessation is a critical lifestyle factor addressed in reproductive health counseling because smoking adversely affects fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal development. It is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, and congenital abnormalities. Additionally, smoking contributes to decreased ovarian reserve and impaired sperm quality. Encouraging cessation improves reproductive potential and reduces maternal and fetal complications, making it a key intervention in reproductive health.

Reference: Williams Obstetrics, Cunningham et al., 25th Edition.