The process of copying DNA to form a new DNA molecule is called Replication. This is a critical mechanism that occurs prior to cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. During replication, the double-stranded DNA unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. This accurate duplication is essential for maintaining genetic stability and proper cellular function. Unlike transcription or translation, which involve RNA synthesis and protein production respectively, replication specifically refers to the creation of new DNA molecules.

Reference: Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al., 6th Edition.