The spleen is the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma due to its anatomic location in the left upper quadrant and its relatively fragile parenchyma. It is highly vascular and prone to lacerations or hematomas when subjected to direct impact or rapid deceleration forces. Spleen injuries can lead to significant hemorrhage, making early diagnosis and management critical. Surgical intervention may range from splenorrhaphy to splenectomy depending on injury severity. Preservation of spleen function is vital to maintain immunologic defense against encapsulated organisms.

Reference: Trauma, Kenneth L. Mattox, 9th Edition.