Supernumerary teeth are most frequently observed in the permanent dentition because this stage involves a more complex developmental process with multiple tooth buds, increasing the chance of additional teeth formation. In contrast, primary dentition has a more stable and less variable development, resulting in fewer supernumerary occurrences. Clinically, recognizing supernumerary teeth in permanent dentition is crucial as they can cause delayed eruption, crowding, or malalignment, often necessitating timely surgical removal to prevent complications. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention help preserve occlusion and facilitate orthodontic treatment. Reference: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Neville et al., 4th Edition.