Light continuous force produces the most efficient tooth movement because it applies a consistent pressure that stimulates cellular activity in the periodontal ligament without causing tissue necrosis or hyalinization. This type of force allows for optimal remodeling of alveolar bone, leading to steady and controlled tooth displacement. In contrast, heavy forces can cause damage to the periodontal ligament and delay tooth movement due to ischemia and hyalinized zones. Intermittent forces do not provide constant remodeling stimuli, reducing efficiency. Thus, light continuous force maximizes biological response and minimizes adverse effects, ensuring effective orthodontic treatment.

Reference: Proffit, Contemporary Orthodontics, 6th Edition.