Prolonged corticosteroid use inhibits alveolar bone formation by suppressing osteoblast activity and promoting bone resorption. This leads to decreased bone density and impaired bone remodeling, making it detrimental rather than stimulatory for alveolar bone growth. In contrast, functional loading and orthodontic tooth movement stimulate bone deposition through mechanical stress, while growth hormone promotes osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. Therefore, corticosteroids have a negative impact on alveolar bone formation.

Reference: Orban's Oral Histology, Kornberg & Ten Cate, 13th Edition.