Excessive intake of simple sugars leads to increased caloric consumption, which is a primary factor in the development of obesity. High sugar intake promotes insulin resistance, contributes to dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol), and increases the risk of atherosclerosis, all key contributors to cardiovascular disease. Unlike complex carbohydrates or dietary fiber, simple sugars cause rapid spikes in blood glucose and insulin, exacerbating metabolic disturbances. Unsaturated fats are generally cardioprotective, making simple sugars the most harmful when consumed excessively.

Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, Jameson et al., 20th Edition.