Celecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which means it specifically blocks the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain, sparing COX-1 that protects the gastric mucosa. This selective inhibition results in a significant reduction in the risk of gastrointestinal side effects such as ulcers and bleeding, which are common with non-selective NSAIDs like ibuprofen, aspirin, and indomethacin. Therefore, celecoxib is preferred when minimizing GI toxicity is a priority.

Reference: Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Brunton et al., 13th Edition.