Which cardinal sign of inflammation was added by Rudolf Virchow to the four signs described by Celsus?

English Explanation
The Roman surgeon Celsus described the first four cardinal signs of inflammation in the 1st century A.D., which are rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain).

The fifth cardinal sign, functio laesa (loss of function), was later added by Rudolf Virchow, who is widely regarded as the father of cellular pathology. Therefore, Loss of function is the correct answer.

The other options: Redness, Swelling, and Pain are incorrect because they were already established by Celsus as part of the original four classical signs of inflammation.

বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা
রোমান চিকিৎসক Celsus প্রথম শতাব্দীতে inflammation-এর প্রধান ৪টি cardinal signs বর্ণনা করেন। এই ৪টি লক্ষণ হলো:
১. Rubor (Redness)
২. Tumor (Swelling)
৩. Calor (Heat)
৪. Dolor (Pain)

পরবর্তীতে বিখ্যাত pathologist Rudolf Virchow এই লক্ষণগুলোর সাথে পঞ্চম লক্ষণ হিসেবে functio laesa বা loss of function যুক্ত করেন। তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো Loss of function।

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলো যেমন Redness, Swelling, এবং Pain হলো Celsus কর্তৃক বর্ণিত আদি ৪টি লক্ষণের অংশ, তাই এগুলো সঠিক উত্তর নয়।

BCS High Yield Points
- Celsus described the original four cardinal signs of inflammation (rubor, tumor, calor, dolor).
- Rudolf Virchow introduced the fifth sign functio laesa (loss of function) and is known as the Father of Cellular Pathology.
- Inflammation is defined as the local response of living mammalian tissues to injury from any agent.
- Lewis triple response (red line, flare, and wheal) demonstrates the vascular changes in acute inflammation.

Source: Pathology