In the past evolutionary biologists contemplating the absence of wheels in nature agreed that the explanation was not undesirability; wheels would be good for animals, just as they are for us. Animals were prevented from evolving wheels the biologists reasoned, by the following dilemma Living cells in an animal's body are connections at the first revolution making living wheels impracticable However there is a flaw in the argument that the evolution of wheeled animals was thwarted by the insoluble joint problem. The theory fails to explain why animals have not for arteries and nerves. Countless animals, 'including us, beer external structures without blood supply or nerves for example, our hair and fingernails, or the scales, claws, and horns of other animals. why have rats not evolved bony wheels, similar to roller skates ? Paws might be more useful than wheels in some situations, but cats claws are retractable why not retractable wheels ? We thus arrive at the serious biological paradox flippantly termed the RRR dilemma; nature's failure to produce rats with retractable roller skates. 

The consumer complaint department of a firm employs exactly six people who answer letters: G, H, I, J, K, and L. Every complaint letter received by the department is classified as either red or blue. The following procedures for answering the letters are used. Red letters are given first to G or H. Blue letters are given first to any one of the following: G, J, or I. if a letter raises a problem that cannot be resolved by the person to whom it is given, it must be forwarded until it reaches someone who can resolve the problem and answer the letter. A letter must be forwarded as follows: 

By G to I if the letter is red, but to J if the letter is blue; 

By H to either G or I; 

By I to J if the letter is red, but of K if the letter is blue; 

By J to either I or K whether the letter is red or blue; 

By K to L whether the letter is red or blue; L answers every letter-given 

to him. 

Each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. 

Give answer 

a) If only assumption I is implicit 

b) If only assumption II is implicit 

c) If either I or II is implicit 

d) If neither I nor II is implicit 

e) If both I and II are implicit